Journal Transnational Universal Studies

From Cultural Pride to Business Practice: Developing Culture-Based Entrepreneurship in Indonesia

B. M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara — 2026-10-23

Indonesia’s cultural diversity offers significant entrepreneurial potential; however, cultural pride does not automatically translate into business practices that preserve local heritage and generate economic value. This study examines how cultural pride and local wisdom are transformed into entrepreneurial practices in Indonesia. A sequential exploratory qualitative–Delphi design combined interviews with 12 purposively selected participants and a panel of 12 experts representing the fields of culture, entrepreneurship, tourism, and youth development. Interview data were analyzed thematically, followed by three Delphi rounds with a consensus threshold of at least 75% agreement. The findings revealed four interconnected domains: cultural identity and moral responsibility, adaptive reconstruction of tradition, digital mediation and youth innovation, and institutional negotiation and ecosystem resilience. Cultural identity strengthened entrepreneurial commitment and legitimacy, while innovation and storytelling transformed cultural heritage into differentiated products and services. Digital platforms facilitated market engagement but also introduced inequalities and platform dependency. Institutional constraints and tensions between authenticity and commercialization highlighted the need for community accountability and ethical governance. The integrated framework explains culture-based entrepreneurship through recursive interactions among identity formation, adaptive innovation, digital repositioning, institutional negotiation, and sustainability consolidation. The study concludes that transforming cultural pride into viable entrepreneurial practices requires coordinated cultural, technological, institutional, and ethical capabilities while ensuring that business development remains accountable to cultural continuity and community interests.

Sovereignty in Test: Transformation of Indonesia's Economic Policy 2024-2026 within the Framework of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution

Daniel Herison Wadu — 2026-10-23

Indonesia’s economic policy transformation during 2024–2026 has renewed debate over whether greater state control promotes economic sovereignty and equitable prosperity. This study aimed to assess the alignment of national economic policies with Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, interpret emerging economic developments through international comparisons, and identify institutional conditions that support inclusive development. A qualitative descriptive-analytical approach combined doctrinal constitutional analysis, policy document review, and purposively selected comparative cases from Norway, Malaysia, Chile, Mexico, Alaska, India, and Brazil. Secondary data included legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, official statistics, institutional reports, and academic publications. The data were organized into a policy matrix, evaluated against constitutional principles, and examined through source triangulation. The findings indicated that downstream industrialization, state-owned enterprise consolidation through Danantara, village cooperatives, food security initiatives, nutrition programs, social transfers, and regional partnerships had the potential to advance constitutional economic objectives. However, alignment at the policy design level did not necessarily demonstrate effective implementation or equitable outcomes. Comparative evidence highlighted transparency, independent oversight, professional management, and equitable benefit distribution as essential institutional conditions. Regional disparities further underscored the importance of ensuring that economic benefits reached eastern Indonesia. The study concluded that achieving economic sovereignty required accountable policy implementation, continuous evaluation, and inclusive governance to translate expanded state economic authority into equitable public prosperity.